[ prevalence of P53 mutations in laryngeal cancer in Kerman]

Laryngeal cancer is the second common cancer of respiratory tract, following the lung cancer. Carcinogenesis is a complex multistage process; molecular genetics has provided the evidence that activation of proto-oncogene and loss or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes [TSG] are involved in a large number of malignancies. One of the earliest significant tumor suppressor genes identified in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [HNSCC] was P53 have a role in growth suppression activities. Thus, when P53 is deleted or silenced, the cell develops a selective growth advantage and becomes a cancer. Mutations in P53 are correlated with poorer survival and response to treatment. The aim of this study was to survey the prevalence of P53 gene mutation in patients with laryngeal cancer and to select an appropriate method of treatment. The samples were 52 patients with laryngeal cancer diagnosis have been treated by surgery. Investigation of TP53 mutation where performed by multiple ligation probe amplification [MLPA] technique which analyze the full length of gene from exon 1 to 12. The TP53 mutation was discovered in 80.8 percent of samples. By contrast between two main forms of mutation [i.e. deletions and duplications], we found that the deletions mostly occurred within exons 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 by 59.6 percent and duplications observed in exons 1, 2, 7, 8 and 11 by 21.2 percent. Considering our results and reminding this fact that nowadays the definitive diagnosis of laryngeal cancer is made using biopsy and pathology techniques, we suggest that all biopsy specimens should be tested and those confirmed positive for TP53 mutations need some further decisions by physicians

[Correlation between coronary artery bypass graft surgery and hearing threshold changes]

Sensorineural hearing loss [SNHL] is a probable complication of coronary artery bypass graft [CABG] Surgery, that may be due to embolism, perfusion failure and consumption of ototoxic drugs. Since the incidence of SNHL after CABG is different according to the various reports, the present study was designed to study hearing threshold change after CABG surgery. In this cross-sectional study, 65 patients candidated for CABG surgery were selected by convenient sampling. One week before and two weeks after the surgery, all patients were examined by E.N.T specialist, and underwent PTA and impedance test. Other information including history of previous diseases were collected too. Distribution and central indices were used for description of results and Wilcoxon test was used for comparison of pre- and post- operative hearing threshold. Comparison of Pre -and Post - operative audiometry results showed no significant change in hearing for all frequencies and in both ears. Hearing threshold difference in the right ear at 4000HZ and in the left ear at 2000HZ was meaningful [P=0.027, P=0.004 respectively]. Although hearing threshold differences at all frequencies and in both ears were greater in men rather than women, the meaningful difference was only for the frequency of 1000HZ in the right ear [P=0.03] and 4000HZ in the left ear [P=0.034]. Although, hearing loss can occur after nonotologic surgeries, the incidence is very low and this can be due to the improvement in surgical and anesthesia techniques. Meanwhile, hearing threshold change in some frequencies may be sex-dependent

[ case report of MerckLe Cell carcinoma in medial wall of orbit]

Merckle cell carcinoma [MCC] is a relatively rare tumor, originating from Neuroendocrine cells, with aggressive behavior and common recurrence. It is more common in males and in head and neck region. Pathologists diagnose it by immunohistochemical staining [IHC]. Its definite treatment is not still determined, however radical resection as the main cure and radiotherapy as the supporting treatment are suggested. Based on many reports the most common site of MCC in head and neck region is cheeck and eyelid. The site of MCC in this report is the medial wall of orbit, about which no report was found in medical literature. The interesting point in this case presentation is that one of the differential diagnoses of mass lesions in the medial wall of orbit is MCC and the colleagues should pay attention to this rare disease in such instances. Presently the reported case is under control with surgery and radiotherapy and chemotherapy